diff --git a/Gemfile b/Gemfile
index 073f6d8a..c75764ec 100644
--- a/Gemfile
+++ b/Gemfile
@@ -16,8 +16,8 @@ gem 'highline'
 gem 'i18n-js'
 gem 'ims-lti', '< 2.0.0'
 gem 'jbuilder'
-gem 'js-routes'
 gem 'json_schemer'
+gem 'js-routes'
 gem 'kramdown'
 gem 'mimemagic'
 gem 'nokogiri'
diff --git a/app/controllers/concerns/scoring_result_formatting.rb b/app/controllers/concerns/scoring_result_formatting.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index 27096413..00000000
--- a/app/controllers/concerns/scoring_result_formatting.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-# frozen_string_literal: true
-
-module ScoringResultFormatting
-  def format_scoring_results(outputs)
-    outputs.map do |output|
-      output[:message] = t(output[:message], default: render_markdown(output[:message]))
-      output[:filename] = t(output[:filename], default: output[:filename])
-      output
-    end
-  end
-end
diff --git a/app/controllers/remote_evaluation_controller.rb b/app/controllers/remote_evaluation_controller.rb
index 2f23eacb..96db6c8b 100644
--- a/app/controllers/remote_evaluation_controller.rb
+++ b/app/controllers/remote_evaluation_controller.rb
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
 class RemoteEvaluationController < ApplicationController
   include RemoteEvaluationParameters
   include Lti
-  include ScoringResultFormatting
 
   skip_after_action :verify_authorized
   skip_before_action :verify_authenticity_token
@@ -63,7 +62,7 @@ status: 202}
     validation_token = remote_evaluation_params[:validation_token]
     if (remote_evaluation_mapping = RemoteEvaluationMapping.find_by(validation_token: validation_token))
       @submission = Submission.create(build_submission_params(cause, remote_evaluation_mapping))
-      format_scoring_results(@submission.calculate_score)
+      @submission.calculate_score
     else
       # TODO: better output
       # TODO: check token expired?
diff --git a/app/controllers/request_for_comments_controller.rb b/app/controllers/request_for_comments_controller.rb
index 2fd4046e..4592d57d 100644
--- a/app/controllers/request_for_comments_controller.rb
+++ b/app/controllers/request_for_comments_controller.rb
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ class RequestForCommentsController < ApplicationController
       if @request_for_comment.save
         # create thread here and execute tests. A run is triggered from the frontend and does not need to be handled here.
         Thread.new do
-          @request_for_comment.submission.calculate_score
+          switch_locale { @request_for_comment.submission.calculate_score }
         ensure
           ActiveRecord::Base.connection_pool.release_connection
         end
diff --git a/app/controllers/submissions_controller.rb b/app/controllers/submissions_controller.rb
index cf82f546..97f9cd3c 100644
--- a/app/controllers/submissions_controller.rb
+++ b/app/controllers/submissions_controller.rb
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ class SubmissionsController < ApplicationController
   include CommonBehavior
   include Lti
   include SubmissionParameters
-  include ScoringResultFormatting
   include Tubesock::Hijack
 
   before_action :set_submission,
@@ -35,15 +34,6 @@ class SubmissionsController < ApplicationController
     create_and_respond(object: @submission)
   end
 
-  def command_substitutions(filename)
-    {
-      class_name: File.basename(filename, File.extname(filename)).upcase_first,
-      filename: filename,
-      module_name: File.basename(filename, File.extname(filename)).underscore,
-    }
-  end
-  private :command_substitutions
-
   def copy_comments
     # copy each annotation and set the target_file.id
     params[:annotations_arr]&.each do |annotation|
@@ -247,7 +237,7 @@ class SubmissionsController < ApplicationController
     hijack do |tubesock|
       return kill_socket(tubesock) if @embed_options[:disable_run]
 
-      tubesock.send_data(JSON.dump(format_scoring_results(@submission.calculate_score)))
+      tubesock.send_data(JSON.dump(@submission.calculate_score))
       # To enable hints when scoring a submission, uncomment the next line:
       # send_hints(tubesock, StructuredError.where(submission: @submission))
     rescue Runner::Error => e
diff --git a/app/models/submission.rb b/app/models/submission.rb
index 4916bc49..532a0c0c 100644
--- a/app/models/submission.rb
+++ b/app/models/submission.rb
@@ -163,10 +163,10 @@ class Submission < ApplicationRecord
           end
           output.merge!(container_execution_time: execution_time, status: exit_code.zero? ? :ok : :failed)
         rescue Runner::Error::ExecutionTimeout => e
-          Rails.logger.debug("Running tests in #{file.name_with_extension} for submission #{id} timed out: #{e.message}")
+          Rails.logger.debug { "Running tests in #{file.name_with_extension} for submission #{id} timed out: #{e.message}" }
           output.merge!(status: :timeout, container_execution_time: e.execution_duration)
         rescue Runner::Error => e
-          Rails.logger.debug("Running tests in #{file.name_with_extension} for submission #{id} failed: #{e.message}")
+          Rails.logger.debug { "Running tests in #{file.name_with_extension} for submission #{id} failed: #{e.message}" }
           output.merge!(status: :failed, container_execution_time: e.execution_duration)
         ensure
           output.merge!(stdout: stdout, stderr: stderr)
@@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ class Submission < ApplicationRecord
 
   def command_substitutions(filename)
     {
-      class_name: File.basename(filename, File.extname(filename)).camelize,
+      class_name: File.basename(filename, File.extname(filename)).upcase_first,
       filename: filename,
       module_name: File.basename(filename, File.extname(filename)).underscore,
     }
@@ -245,10 +245,10 @@ class Submission < ApplicationRecord
 
     if file.teacher_defined_linter?
       LinterCheckRun.create_from(testrun, assessment)
-      assessment = assessor.translate_linter(assessment, session[:locale])
+      assessment = assessor.translate_linter(assessment, I18n.locale)
 
       # replace file name with hint if linter is not used for grading. Refactor!
-      filename = 'exercises.implement.not_graded' if file.weight.zero?
+      filename = I18n.t('exercises.implement.not_graded') if file.weight.zero?
     end
 
     output.merge!(assessment)
@@ -257,11 +257,16 @@ class Submission < ApplicationRecord
 
   def feedback_message(file, output)
     if output[:score] == Assessor::MAXIMUM_SCORE && output[:file_role] == 'teacher_defined_test'
-      'exercises.implement.default_test_feedback'
+      I18n.t('exercises.implement.default_test_feedback')
     elsif output[:score] == Assessor::MAXIMUM_SCORE && output[:file_role] == 'teacher_defined_linter'
-      'exercises.implement.default_linter_feedback'
+      I18n.t('exercises.implement.default_linter_feedback')
     else
-      file.feedback_message
+      # The render_markdown method from application_helper.rb is not available in model classes.
+      ActionController::Base.helpers.sanitize(
+        Kramdown::Document.new(file.feedback_message).to_html,
+        tags: %w[strong],
+        attributes: []
+      )
     end
   end
 
diff --git a/lib/runner/connection.rb b/lib/runner/connection.rb
index 5c205be9..bc5d55e8 100644
--- a/lib/runner/connection.rb
+++ b/lib/runner/connection.rb
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ class Runner::Connection
 
   def send(raw_data)
     encoded_message = encode(raw_data)
-    Rails.logger.debug("#{Time.zone.now.getutc}: Sending to #{@socket.url}: #{encoded_message.inspect}")
+    Rails.logger.debug { "#{Time.zone.now.getutc}: Sending to #{@socket.url}: #{encoded_message.inspect}" }
     @socket.send(encoded_message)
   end
 
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ class Runner::Connection
   end
 
   def on_message(raw_event)
-    Rails.logger.debug("#{Time.zone.now.getutc}: Receiving from #{@socket.url}: #{raw_event.data.inspect}")
+    Rails.logger.debug { "#{Time.zone.now.getutc}: Receiving from #{@socket.url}: #{raw_event.data.inspect}" }
     event = decode(raw_event)
     return unless BACKEND_OUTPUT_SCHEMA.valid?(event)
 
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ class Runner::Connection
   def on_error(_event); end
 
   def on_close(_event)
-    Rails.logger.debug("#{Time.zone.now.getutc}: Closing connection to #{@socket.url} with status: #{@status}")
+    Rails.logger.debug { "#{Time.zone.now.getutc}: Closing connection to #{@socket.url} with status: #{@status}" }
     case @status
       when :timeout
         raise Runner::Error::ExecutionTimeout.new('Execution exceeded its time limit')
diff --git a/spec/concerns/scoring_result_formatting_spec.rb b/spec/concerns/scoring_result_formatting_spec.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index d66f9e3d..00000000
--- a/spec/concerns/scoring_result_formatting_spec.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,54 +0,0 @@
-# frozen_string_literal: true
-
-require 'rails_helper'
-
-class Controller < AnonymousController
-  include ScoringResultFormatting
-end
-
-describe ScoringResultFormatting do
-  let(:controller) { Controller.new }
-  let(:filename) { 'exercise.py' }
-  let(:feedback_message) { '**good work**' }
-  let(:outputs) { [{filename: filename, message: feedback_message}] }
-
-  describe 'feedback message' do
-    let(:new_feedback_message) { controller.format_scoring_results(outputs).first[:message] }
-
-    context 'when the feedback message is not a path to a locale' do
-      let(:feedback_message) { '**good work**' }
-
-      it 'renders the feedback message as markdown' do
-        expect(new_feedback_message).to match('<p><strong>good work</strong></p>')
-      end
-    end
-
-    context 'when the feedback message is a valid path to a locale' do
-      let(:feedback_message) { 'exercises.implement.default_test_feedback' }
-
-      it 'replaces the feedback message with the locale' do
-        expect(new_feedback_message).to eq(I18n.t(feedback_message))
-      end
-    end
-  end
-
-  describe 'filename' do
-    let(:new_filename) { controller.format_scoring_results(outputs).first[:filename] }
-
-    context 'when the filename is not a path to a locale' do
-      let(:filename) { 'exercise.py' }
-
-      it 'does not alter the filename' do
-        expect(new_filename).to eq(filename)
-      end
-    end
-
-    context 'when the filename is a valid path to a locale' do
-      let(:filename) { 'exercises.implement.not_graded' }
-
-      it 'replaces the filename with the locale' do
-        expect(new_filename).to eq(I18n.t(filename))
-      end
-    end
-  end
-end