use #fail instead of #raise to signal exceptions, as suggested by RuboCop

lib/assessor.rb

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ class Assessor
     if options[:execution_environment].testing_framework?
       @testing_framework_adapter = Kernel.const_get(options[:execution_environment].testing_framework).new
     else
-      raise Error.new('No testing framework adapter set!')
+      fail(Error, 'No testing framework adapter set!')
     end
   end
 end

lib/code_ocean/config.rb

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ module CodeOcean
         content = options[:erb] ? YAML.load(ERB.new(::File.new(path, 'r').read).result) : YAML.load_file(path)
         content[Rails.env].with_indifferent_access
       else
-        raise Error.new("Configuration file not found: #{path}")
+        fail(Error, "Configuration file not found: #{path}")
       end
     end
   end

lib/docker_client.rb

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ class DockerClient
   def self.check_availability!
     Timeout::timeout(config[:connection_timeout]) { Docker.version }
   rescue Excon::Errors::SocketError, Timeout::Error
-    raise Error.new("The Docker host at #{Docker.url} is not reachable!")
+    raise(Error, "The Docker host at #{Docker.url} is not reachable!")
   end
 
   def command_substitutions(filename)
@@ -96,12 +96,12 @@ class DockerClient
     @execution_environment = options[:execution_environment]
     @user = options[:user]
     @image = self.class.find_image_by_tag(@execution_environment.docker_image)
-    raise Error.new("Cannot find image #{@execution_environment.docker_image}!") unless @image
+    fail(Error, "Cannot find image #{@execution_environment.docker_image}!") unless @image
   end
 
   def self.initialize_environment
     unless config[:connection_timeout] && config[:workspace_root]
-      raise Error.new('Docker configuration missing!')
+      fail(Error, 'Docker configuration missing!')
     end
     Docker.url = config[:host] if config[:host]
     check_availability!

lib/testing_framework_adapter.rb

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ class TestingFrameworkAdapter
   end
 
   def parse_output(output)
-    raise NotImplementedError.new("#{self.class} should implement #parse_output!")
+    fail(NotImplementedError, "#{self.class} should implement #parse_output!")
   end
   private :parse_output