[Modify/Add] Add EC2 Instance Storage
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Kanani Nirav
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- What Is IAM?, Multi Factor Authentication - MFA, MFA devices options in AWS, How can users access AWS ?, What’s the AWS CLI?, What’s the AWS SDK?
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- What Is IAM?, Multi Factor Authentication - MFA, MFA devices options in AWS, How can users access AWS ?, What’s the AWS CLI?, What’s the AWS SDK?
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- [EC2: Virtual Machines](./sections/ec2.md)
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- [EC2: Virtual Machines](./sections/ec2.md)
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- What is Amazon EC2?, Introduction to Security Groups, Classic Ports to know, EC2 Instance Launch Types, Which purchasing option is right for me?, Shared Responsibility Model for EC2
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- What is Amazon EC2?, Introduction to Security Groups, Classic Ports to know, EC2 Instance Launch Types, Which purchasing option is right for me?, Shared Responsibility Model for EC2
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- [EC2 Instance Storage](./sections/ec2_storage.md)
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- EBS Volumes, EFS: Elastic File System, EFS Infrequent Access (EFS-IA), Amazon FSx – Overview, EC2 Instance Store, Shared Responsibility Model for EC2 Storage
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## Practice Exams ( dumps )
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## Practice Exams ( dumps )
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sections/ec2_storage.md
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sections/ec2_storage.md
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# EC2 Instance Storage
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- [EC2 Instance Storage](#ec2-instance-storage)
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- [EBS Volumes](#ebs-volumes)
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- [What’s an EBS Volume?](#whats-an-ebs-volume)
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- [EBS Volume](#ebs-volume)
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- [EBS – Delete on Termination Attribute](#ebs--delete-on-termination-attribute)
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- [EBS Snapshots](#ebs-snapshots)
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- [EBS Snapshots Features](#ebs-snapshots-features)
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- [EFS: Elastic File System](#efs-elastic-file-system)
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- [EFS Infrequent Access (EFS-IA)](#efs-infrequent-access-efs-ia)
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- [Amazon FSx – Overview](#amazon-fsx--overview)
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- [Amazon FSx for Windows File Server](#amazon-fsx-for-windows-file-server)
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- [Amazon FSx for Lustre](#amazon-fsx-for-lustre)
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- [EC2 Instance Store](#ec2-instance-store)
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- [Shared Responsibility Model for EC2 Storage](#shared-responsibility-model-for-ec2-storage)
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- [AMI Overview](#ami-overview)
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- [AMI Process (from an EC2 instance)](#ami-process-from-an-ec2-instance)
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- [EC2 Image Builder](#ec2-image-builder)
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## EBS Volumes
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- AWS official Doc. <https://docs.aws.amazon.com/ebs/latest/userguide/ebs-volumes.html>
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### What’s an EBS Volume?
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- **Elastic Block Store (EBS)** is a network-attached storage for EC2 instances.
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- Provides persistent, block-level storage volumes.
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- Can be used for databases, file systems, or applications requiring consistent, low-latency performance.
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- It allows your instances to persist data, even after their termination
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- They can only be mounted to one instance at a time
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- They are bound to a specific availability zone
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- Free tier: 30 GB of free EBS storage of type General Purpose (SSD) or Magnetic per month
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### EBS Volume
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- Volumes are automatically replicated within an **Availability Zone** (AZ).
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- Types include **General Purpose (gp3/gp2)**, **Provisioned IOPS (io1/io2)**, **Throughput Optimized (st1)**, and **Cold (sc1)**.
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- Volumes can be attached to one EC2 instance at a time but can be detached and re-attached.
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- Use case: preserve root volume when instance is terminated
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### EBS – Delete on Termination Attribute
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- Controls whether the EBS volume is automatically deleted when the associated EC2 instance is terminated.
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- By default, the root EBS volume is deleted (attribute enabled)
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- By default, any other attached EBS volume is not deleted (attribute disabled)
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- Can be enabled or disabled based on the need to persist data after instance termination.
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### EBS Snapshots
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- Point-in-time backup of EBS volumes.
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- Stored in Amazon S3 and can be used to restore or create new EBS volumes.
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### EBS Snapshots Features
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- **Incremental Backups**: Only the blocks changed since the last snapshot are saved.
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- Can be used across different regions or accounts by copying snapshots.
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- Snapshots can be automated via **Amazon Data Lifecycle Manager (DLM)**.
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- EBS Snapshot Archive
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- Move a Snapshot to an ”archive tier” that is 75% cheaper
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- Takes within 24 to 72 hours for restoring the archive
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- Recycle Bin for EBS Snapshots
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- Setup rules to retain deleted snapshots so you can recover them after an accidental deletion
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- Specify retention (from 1 day to 1 year)
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## EFS: Elastic File System
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- Fully managed **NFS (Network File System)** for EC2 instances that can be mounted on 100s of EC2.
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- Can scale automatically as data grows.
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- Accessible from multiple AZs, providing high availability and durability.
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## EFS Infrequent Access (EFS-IA)
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- Lower-cost storage class for data not accessed frequently.
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- Up to 92% lower cost compared to EFS Standard
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- Allows cost savings by automatically moving infrequently accessed files to **EFS-IA**.
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- Provides the same high availability as standard EFS.
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- Example: move files that are not accessed for 60 days to EFS-IA
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## Amazon FSx – Overview
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- Fully managed service providing file systems optimized for different workloads.
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- Launch 3rd party high-performance file systems on AWS
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- Fully managed service
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- FSx for Lustre
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- FSx for Windows File Server
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- FSx for NetApp ONTAP
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### Amazon FSx for Windows File Server
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- Provides fully managed file storage built on Windows Server.
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- Supports **SMB protocol** & **Windows NTFS**
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- Integration with **Active Directory**, and **Windows-based applications**.
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- Can be accessed from AWS or your on-premise infrastructure
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### Amazon FSx for Lustre
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- High-performance file system optimized for compute-heavy workloads.
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- Designed for applications needing fast storage
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- Like machine learning, high-performance computing, or video processing.
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- Scales up to 100s GB/s, millions of IOPS, sub-ms latencies
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## EC2 Instance Store
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- **Ephemeral storage** directly attached to the EC2 instance.
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- EBS volumes are network drives with good but “limited” performance
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- High I/O performance but non-persistent (data is lost when the instance stops or terminates).
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- Ideal for temporary storage of data like caches, buffers, or temporary files.
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- Good for buffer / cache / scratch data / temporary content
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- Risk of data loss if hardware fails
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- Backups and Replication are your responsibility
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## Shared Responsibility Model for EC2 Storage
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| **AWS Responsibilities** | **User Responsibilities** |
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| --------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------- |
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| Ensure durability and availability of EBS and EFS storage | Back up data via snapshots, EFS replication, etc. |
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| Data replication within the AZ for EBS volumes | Manage access and encryption of storage resources |
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| Provide encryption capabilities (KMS integration) | Apply encryption for sensitive data at rest |
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| Replacing faulty hardware | Responsibility of any data on the drives |
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## AMI Overview
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- **Amazon Machine Image (AMI)**: Template used to launch EC2 instances.
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- An AMI contains an operating system, application server, and applications.
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- AMI are a customization of an EC2 instance
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- You add your own software, configuration, operating system, monitoring…
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- Faster boot / configuration time because all your software is pre-packaged
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- AMI are built for a specific region (and can be copied across regions)
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- You can launch EC2 instances from:
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- A Public AMI: AWS provided
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- Your own AMI: you make and maintain them yourself
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- An AWS Marketplace AMI: an AMI someone else made (and potentially sells)
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### AMI Process (from an EC2 instance)
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1. Launch an EC2 instance.
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2. Configure the instance with applications or settings.
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3. Create an AMI from the running instance, which can be used to launch new EC2 instances with the same configuration.
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## EC2 Image Builder
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- Automates the process of creating and maintaining custom AMIs.
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- Helps create compliant, secure, and up-to-date machine images.
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- Allows integration with services like **AWS Systems Manager** for automation and lifecycle management.
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- Can be run on a schedule (weekly, whenever packages are updated, etc…)
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- Free service (only pay for the underlying resources)
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