197 lines
7.8 KiB
Markdown
197 lines
7.8 KiB
Markdown
# Other Compute
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- [Other Compute](#other-compute)
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- [What is Docker?](#what-is-docker)
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- [Where Docker images are stored?](#where-docker-images-are-stored)
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- [Docker versus Virtual Machines](#docker-versus-virtual-machines)
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- [ECS](#ecs)
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- [Fargate](#fargate)
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- [ECR](#ecr)
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- [What’s serverless?](#whats-serverless)
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- [Why AWS Lambda ?](#why-aws-lambda-)
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- [Benefits of AWS Lambda](#benefits-of-aws-lambda)
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- [AWS Lambda language support](#aws-lambda-language-support)
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- [AWS Lambda Pricing: example](#aws-lambda-pricing-example)
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- [Amazon API Gateway](#amazon-api-gateway)
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- [AWS Batch](#aws-batch)
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- [Batch vs Lambda](#batch-vs-lambda)
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- [Amazon Lightsail](#amazon-lightsail)
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- [Lambda Summary](#lambda-summary)
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- [Other Compute Summary](#other-compute-summary)
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## What is Docker?
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- Docker is a software development platform to deploy apps
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- Apps are packaged in containers that can be run on any OS
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- Apps run the same, regardless of where they’re run
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- Any machine
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- No compatibility issues
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- Predictable behavior
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- Less work
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- Easier to maintain and deploy
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- Works with any language, any OS, any technology
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- Scale containers up and down very quickly (seconds)
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### Where Docker images are stored?
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- Docker images are stored in Docker Repositories
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- Public: Docker Hub <https://hub.docker.com/>
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- Find base images for many technologies or OS:
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- Ubuntu
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- MySQL
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- NodeJS, Java…
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- Private: Amazon ECR (Elastic Container Registry)
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### Docker versus Virtual Machines
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- Docker is ”sort of” a virtualization technology, but not exactly
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- Resources are shared with the host => many containers on one server
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## ECS
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- ECS = Elastic Container Service
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- Launch Docker containers on AWS
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- You must provision & maintain the infrastructure (the EC2 instances)
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- AWS takes care of starting / stopping containers
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- Has integrations with the Application Load Balancer
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## Fargate
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- Launch Docker containers on AWS
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- You do not provision the infrastructure (no EC2 instances to manage) – simpler!
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- Serverless offering
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- AWS just runs containers for you based on the CPU / RAM you need
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## ECR
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- Elastic Container Registry
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- Private Docker Registry on AWS
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- This is where you store your Docker images so they can be run by ECS or Fargate
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## What’s serverless?
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- Serverless is a new paradigm in which the developers don’t have to manage servers anymore…
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- They just deploy code
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- They just deploy… functions !
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- Initially... Serverless == FaaS (Function as a Service)
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- Serverless was pioneered by AWS Lambda but now also includes anything that’s managed: “databases, messaging, storage, etc.”
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- Serverless does not mean there are no servers…
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- it means you just don’t manage / provision / see them
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## Why AWS Lambda ?
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| EC2 | Lambda |
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| -------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------- |
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| Virtual Servers in the Cloud | Virtual functions – no servers to manage! |
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| Limited by RAM and CPU | Limited by time - short executions |
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| Continuously running | Run on-demand |
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| Scaling means intervention to add / remove servers | Scaling is automated! |
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### Benefits of AWS Lambda
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- Easy Pricing:
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- Pay per request and compute time
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- Free tier of 1,000,000 AWS Lambda requests and 400,000 GBs of compute time
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- Integrated with the whole AWS suite of services
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- Event-Driven: functions get invoked by AWS when needed
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- Integrated with many programming languages
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- Easy monitoring through AWS CloudWatch
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- Easy to get more resources per functions (up to 10GB of RAM!)
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- Increasing RAM will also improve CPU and network!
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### AWS Lambda language support
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- Node.js (JavaScript)
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- Python
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- Java (Java 8 compatible)
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- C# (.NET Core)
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- Golang
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- C# / Powershell
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- Ruby
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- Custom Runtime API (community supported, example Rust)
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- Lambda Container Image
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- The container image must implement the Lambda Runtime API
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- ECS / Fargate is preferred for running arbitrary Docker images
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### AWS Lambda Pricing: example
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- You can find overall pricing information here: <https://aws.amazon.com/lambda/pricing/>
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- Pay per calls:
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- First 1,000,000 requests are free
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- $0.20 per 1 million requests thereafter ($0.0000002 per request)
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- Pay per duration: (in increment of 1 ms)
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- 400,000 GB-seconds of compute time per month for FREE
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- == 400,000 seconds if function is 1GB RAM
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- == 3,200,000 seconds if function is 128 MB RAM
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- After that $1.00 for 600,000 GB-seconds
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- It is usually **very cheap** to run AWS Lambda so it’s **very popular**
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## Amazon API Gateway
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- Example: building a serverless API
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- Fully managed service for developers to easily create, publish, maintain, monitor, and secure APIs
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- Serverless and scalable
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- Supports RESTful APIs and WebSocket APIs
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- Support for security, user authentication, API throttling, API keys, monitoring.
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## AWS Batch
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- Fully managed batch processing at any scale
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- Efficiently run 100,000s of computing batch jobs on AWS
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- A “batch” job is a job with a start and an end (opposed to continuous)
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- Batch will dynamically launch EC2 instances or Spot Instances
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- AWS Batch provisions the right amount of compute / memory
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- You submit or schedule batch jobs and AWS Batch does the rest!
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- Batch jobs are defined as Docker images and run on ECS
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- Helpful for cost optimizations and focusing less on the infrastructure
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## Batch vs Lambda
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| Batch | Lambda |
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| ------------------------------------------------------ | ---------------------------- |
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| No time limit | Time limit |
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| Any runtime as long as it’s packaged as a Docker image | Limited runtime |
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| Rely on EBS / instance store for disk space | Limited temporary disk space |
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| Relies on EC2 (can be managed by AWS) | Serverless |
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## Amazon Lightsail
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- Virtual servers, storage, databases, and networking
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- Low & predictable pricing
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- Simpler alternative to using EC2, RDS, ELB, EBS, Route 53…
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- Great for people with little cloud experience!
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- Can setup notifications and monitoring of your Lightsail resources
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- Use cases:
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- Simple web applications (has templates for LAMP, Nginx, MEAN, Node.js…)
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- Websites (templates for WordPress, Magento, Plesk, Joomla)
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- Dev / Test environment
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- Has high availability but no auto-scaling, limited AWS integrations
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## Lambda Summary
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- Lambda is Serverless, Function as a Service, seamless scaling, reactive
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- Lambda Billing:
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- By the time run x by the RAM provisioned
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- By the number of invocations
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- Language Support: many programming languages except (arbitrary) Docker
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- Invocation time: up to 15 minutes
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- Use cases:
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- Create Thumbnails for images uploaded onto S3
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- Run a Serverless cron job
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- API Gateway: expose Lambda functions as HTTP API
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## Other Compute Summary
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- Docker: container technology to run applications
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- ECS: run Docker containers on EC2 instances
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- Fargate:
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- Run Docker containers without provisioning the infrastructure
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- Serverless offering (no EC2 instances)
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- ECR: Private Docker Images Repository
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- Batch: run batch jobs on AWS across managed EC2 instances
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- Lightsail: predictable & low pricing for simple application & DB stacks
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* * *
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[<img align="center" src="../images/back-arrow.png" height="20" width="20"/> Databases & Analytics](./databases.md) [<img align="center" src="../images/list.png" height="30" width="30"/> List](../README.md) [Deploying and Managing Infrastructure at Scale <img align="center" src="../images/forward-arrow.png" height="20" width="20"/>](./deploying.md)
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